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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10199 |
Title
Updated June 5, 2024 U.S.-Japan Relations Overview Japan, a U.S. treaty ally since 1951, is an important U.S. partner in several foreign policy areas, particularly security and trade. Shared security goals include meeting the challenge of an increasingly assertive People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.-Japan mutual defense treaty grants the ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF10527 |
Title
Updated June 5, 2024 U.S. Intelligence Community Establishment Provisions The concept of a unified U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) consisting of integrated component departments and agencies began to take shape after World War II, in part through the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency. Before this, U.S. intelligence organizations had existed within the military services and largely ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12681 |
Title
June 5, 2024 Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders Treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) typically involves pharmacological or psychosocial therapies. For instance, certain medications are used in treatment for alcohol, tobacco, or opioid use. Meanwhile, for substances such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana, there are no comparable Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. IF12682 |
Title
June 5, 2024 Electoral College Overview When Americans vote for President in the general election, they select electors who will choose the nation s chief executive. Voters thus play an important role in electing the President, but a second step is required to finalize that choice. The U.S. Constitution places responsibility for the second step in a body known as the electoral college. This In ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11174 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Federal Legal Implications of Former President Donald Trump s Conviction in New York State Court: Frequently Asked Questions June 5, 2024 On May 30, 2024, former President Trump was convicted in New York state court of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree in violation of New York Penal Law 175.10. The conviction stems from a grand jury s indictment charging ...
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| Date June 5, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11175 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Education Department Finalizes New Title IX Regulations: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity June 5, 2024 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. In updated regulations, the Department of Education (ED) has defined the scope of sex discrimination under Title IX to include ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. TE10102 |
Title
Statement of Barry F. Huston Analyst in Social Policy Before Ways and Means Committee Subcommittee on Social Security U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on The Social Security Trust Funds in 2024 and Beyond June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov TE10102 Congressional Research Service 1 Chairman Ferguson, Ranking Member Larson, and Members of the Subcommittee ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48082 |
Title
Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP): Drought and Wildfire Assistance June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48082 SUMMARY Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP): Drought and Wildfire Assistance R48082 June 4, 2024 Christine Whitt Analyst Agricultural Policy Many producers raising livestock, such as beef or dairy cattle, depend on forage for grazing. ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF10685 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Officers Grade and Rank The Armed Forces are hierarchical organizations with clearly defined levels of authority. The different levels for officers are defined in law and called grades, while rank refers to the order of precedence among those in different grades and within the same grade (e.g., someone who has been a Major for three years outranks ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11751 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy The Federal Reserve (Fed), the nation s central bank, is responsible for monetary policy. This In Focus explains how monetary policy works. Typically, when the Fed wants to stimulate the economy, it makes policy more expansionary by reducing short-term interest rates. When it wants to make policy more contractionary or tighter, it ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IN12373 |
Title
INSIGHTi Regional Economic Performance Since the Pandemic June 4, 2024 The current economic expansion has been characterized by above-average employment growth, historically low unemployment, and economic growth comparable to the previous two expansions (but slower than earlier expansions). (For more information, see CRS Report R48054, State of the U.S. Economy: Policy Issues in the 118th ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. R48050 |
Title
Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress Updated June 4, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48050 SUMMARY Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress Commercial human spaceflight is a nascent but growing industry, and that is reflected in how the safety of the industry is regulated. ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF11147 |
Title
Updated June 4, 2024 Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Recruiting Congressional Role The Constitution provides Congress with broad powers over the Armed Forces, including the power To raise and support Armies and To provide and maintain a Navy. In the exercise of this authority, Congress has historically shown interest in military recruiting, which is critical to maintaining a fully manned ...
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| Date June 4, 2024 |
Report No. IF12680 |
Title
June 4, 2024 The Board of Veterans Appeals: A Brief Introduction The Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA or Board) hears appeals of claimants dissatisfied with the initial decision on a claim for benefits or reimbursement filed with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The BVA provides the highest level of appellate review within VA. This In Focus describes the BVA s creation, jurisdiction, ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R47828 |
Title
Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress Updated June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47828 SUMMARY Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress R47828 June 3, 2024 Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Since October 7, 2023, Israel has been at war with the Palestinian Sunni ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48079 |
Title
Land Disposal Authorities and Processes of the Bureau of Land Management June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48079 SUMMARY Land Disposal Authorities and Processes of the Bureau of Land Management Congress has provided various statutory authorities to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), within the Department of the Interior, to dispose of federal lands ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48081 |
Title
Sources of Federal Funding for Health Care Facilities: Frequently Asked Questions June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48081 SUMMARY Sources of Federal Funding for Health Care Facilities: Frequently Asked Questions Health facilities, including hospitals, may face a number of financial challenges. In recent years, some hospitals have reported that financial ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. RL34751 |
Title
Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments Updated June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34751 Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments Summary The military retirement system is a government-funded, noncontributory, defined benefit system that has historically been viewed as a significant incentive in retaining a career military ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R42785 |
Title
Veterans Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer Updated June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42785 SUMMARY Veterans Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer R42785 June 3, 2024 Cassandria Dortch Specialist in Education The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, Policy has been ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11089 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2024 Defense Primer: Military Commissaries and Exchanges The Department of Defense (DOD) offers certain qualityof-life benefits to military members, their families, and retirees. The general purpose of these benefits is to attract, retain, and support morale and readiness for military servicemembers. One of these benefits is worldwide access to grocery and retail stores called ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11173 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 28 June 2, 2024) June 3, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme Court ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. R48080 |
Title
Executive Order 14035 Implementation: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in the Federal Workforce June 3, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48080 SUMMARY Executive Order 14035 Implementation: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in the Federal Workforce R48080 June 3, 2024 Taylor N. Riccard Analyst in Government Organization ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12495 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2024 The Army s M-1E3 Abrams Tank Modernization Program Background The M-1 Abrams Tank (Figure 1) is designed to maneuver under fire and destroy enemy armored forces on the battlefield by means of mobility, survivability, and firepower. The M-1 is named for General Creighton Abrams, a noted World War II armored battalion commander who later served as Army Chief of Staff from 1972 ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF11555 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2024 Presidential Candidate and Nominating Convention Security Introduction Candidate and Nominee Protection In 1968, Congress authorized U.S. Secret Service (USSS) protection of presidential candidates following the assassination of Democratic Party presidential candidate Senator Robert F. Kennedy. At that time, a congressional advisory committee (82 Stat. 170) was established to ...
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| Date June 3, 2024 |
Report No. IF12150 |
Title
Updated June 3, 2024 Ukrainian Military Performance and Outlook Since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) have been increasingly challenged to defend against Russian advances, given ongoing disadvantages in personnel and a less developed defense industry. The UAF has demonstrated flexibility over the course of the conflict to date, ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. R47522 |
Title
USDA s Latest Update to Nutrition Standards for School Meals Updated May 31, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47522 SUMMARY USDA s Latest Update to Nutrition Standards for School Meals R47522 May 31, 2024 Kara Clifford Billings Analyst in Social Policy On April 25, 2024, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) finalized a rule ( Child Nutrition Programs: Meal ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11161 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The American Privacy Rights Act Updated May 31, 2024 On April 7, 2024, Senate Commerce Committee Chair Maria Cantwell and House Energy & Commerce Committee Chair Cathy McMorris Rodgers jointly released a draft of the American Privacy Rights Act (APRA). The APRA would create a comprehensive federal consumer privacy framework. It builds on prior congressional efforts to enact a ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF11694 |
Title
Updated May 31, 2024 Connecting Older Adults and Individuals with Disabilities to Health Services: Resources for Congressional Offices Overview Navigating the U.S. health and long-term care systems can be confusing and complex for some constituents. Older adults and individuals with disabilities may face additional challenges in identifying and accessing needed health care and long-term services ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IG10054 |
Title
Campaign Finance Law and the U.S. Supreme Court May 31, 2024 Author Information L. Paige Whitaker Legislative Attorney Amanda M. Black Paralegal Specialist Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IN12371 |
Title
INSIGHTi Integrating Federal Estimates of Income, Consumption, and Wealth: Policy Issues May 31, 2024 In March 2024, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released an expert panel report on income, consumption, and wealth statistics. The report offered guidance on modernizing statistical processes to support research and evidence-based policies, as well as improving ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF12084 |
Title
Updated May 31, 2024 Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N) Congress and the executive branch have debated the merits of a new nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM-N) since the weapon was first proposed by the Trump Administration in 2018. The Biden Administration proposed cancelling the SLCM-N program following its 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), a periodic assessment of ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. R42812 |
Title
National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options Updated May 31, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42812 SUMMARY National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options The National Statuary Hall Collection, located in the U.S. Capitol, comprises 100 statues provided by individual states to honor persons notable for their ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IF11361 |
Title
Updated May 31, 2024 The World Bank The World Bank provides financial assistance to low- and middle-income countries to promote economic development. Established in 1945, the Bank initially focused on providing financing for large infrastructure projects. Its role over the past nearly eight decades has broadened to include poverty reduction efforts through social projects (such as education and ...
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| Date May 31, 2024 |
Report No. IN12372 |
Title
INSIGHTi PPBE Reform Commission Final Report Recommendations: Issues for Congress May 31, 2024 In March 2024, the Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform issued its final report for improving the budget development process of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The commission made 28 recommendations, some with multiple parts, across five critical areas. ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. R44972 |
Title
Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated May 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44972 Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Navy began procuring Constellation (FFG-62) class frigates (FFGs) in FY2020, and a total of six have been procured through ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. RL32665 |
Title
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress May 30, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32665 Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The current and future size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the prospective affordability of the Navy s ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12678 |
Title
May 30, 2024 Bank Resilience and Regulatory Improvement Act (H.R. 8337) On May 16, 2024, the House Financial Services Committee ordered an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 8337 to be reported. The bill would provide various forms of regulatory relief to banks, as discussed in this In Focus. In addition, the bill has two sections related to issues raised by the failure of three large ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF11808 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2024 The Internal Revenue Service s Free File Program (FFP): Current Status and Policy Issues The Internal Revenue Service first allowed individual income tax returns to be filed electronically (e-filed) through a pilot program involving five tax preparers during the 1986 tax filing season. Since then, e-filing has grown to the point that 97% of individual tax returns for the 2022 ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12671 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2024 NOAA s Commercial Data Program: Background and Considerations for Congress Since 1970, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has operated satellites to collect environmental and weather data from space. With the rapid growth of the U.S. commercial space industry, both Congress and various Administrations (e.g., the 2010 and 2020 National Space Policies) ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IF12438 |
Title
Updated May 30, 2024 India-U.S.: Major Arms Transfers and Military Exercises Since 2008, defense trade has emerged as a central facet of the U.S.-India security partnership, and bilateral military exercises across all services are now routine. The U.S. Congress designated India a Major Defense Partner in 2016, conveying certain defense trade and security cooperation privileges. With U.S.-India ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12164 |
Title
INSIGHTi Overview of Tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program Financing Updated May 30, 2024 All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and certain tribal nations operate Child Support Enforcement (CSE) programs pursuant to Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (SSA). The program is federally administered by the Office of Child Support Services (OCSS ...
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| Date May 30, 2024 |
Report No. IN12369 |
Title
INSIGHTi Restrictions on the Use of Journalists for Intelligence Purposes May 30, 2024 This CRS Insight provides background and issues facing Congress concerning U.S. restrictions on the use of journalists for intelligence purposes. Congress may examine whether existing statutory provisions sufficiently protect overseas U.S. journalists and others from a perception by adversarial governments of an ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R44981 |
Title
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Updated May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44981 SUMMARY The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) R44981 May 29, 2024 M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020, replacing the North American Free Trade ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48078 |
Title
Credible Fear and Defensive Asylum Processes: Frequently Asked Questions May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48078 SUMMARY Credible Fear and Defensive Asylum Processes: Frequently Asked Questions Non-U.S. nationals (aliens under federal statute and regulation) subject to removal from the United States may seek asylum and other forms of humanitarian ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45210 |
Title
Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 19652024 Updated May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45210 SUMMARY Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 19652024 The farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48076 |
Title
Motorized Recreation on Federal Lands May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48076 SUMMARY Motorized Recreation on Federal Lands The growing and diverse nature of recreation on federal lands has increased the challenge of balancing different types of recreation with each other and with other land uses. In particular, motorized recreation has been controversial ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. 98-684 |
Title
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections Updated May 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-684 Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections his report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables, organized by region, that include the date of ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12302 |
Title
Updated May 29, 2024 U.S.-European Relations in the 118th Congress An Evolving Relationship Since the end of World War II, the United States and Europe have forged a wide-ranging partnership. Often termed the transatlantic relationship, the U.S.-European partnership encompasses the 32-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), relations with the 27-member European Union (EU), and extensive ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12370 |
Title
INSIGHTi Defense Primer: 80th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944 May 29, 2024 On June 6, 1944, military forces from the United States and several other countries (known together as the Allied Forces) crossed the English Channel to Normandy, France, during World War II (WWII), in what is considered the largest amphibious assault in history. This date, known as D-Day, marks the beginning of the ...
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| Date May 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12676 |
Title
May 29, 2024 Sanctions in the FY2024 Emergency Supplemental Appropriation, P.L. 118-50 Introduction President Biden signed P.L. 118-50, Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes, into law on April 24, 2024. Division D, the 21st Century Peace Through Strength Act, and subsequent divisions of P.L. 118-50 consist of provisions ...
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