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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47933 |
Title
Programs for Beginning, Limited Resource, Veteran, Socially Disadvantaged, and Tribal and Indigenous Farmers and Ranchers and for Small Farms and Ranches Updated April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47933 Selected USDA Programs and Policies That Address Underserved Farmers and Ranchers Contents Terms and Definitions ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. RL32760 |
Title
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions Updated April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32760 SUMMARY The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant funds a wide range of ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47987 |
Title
Bureau of Reclamation Support for Water Storage Projects April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47987 SUMMARY Bureau of Reclamation Support for Water Storage Projects The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation, part of the Department of the Interior) has for more than a century been involved in the construction and operations of water storage projects in the 17 ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN10784 |
Title
INSIGHTi National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority Updated April 1, 2024 This Insight evaluates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) borrowing authority to receive loans from the Treasury and the current financial situation of the NFIP. NFIP Funding Funding for the NFIP is primarily maintained in an authorized account called the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). The NFIP is ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. R47988 |
Title
The OECD/G20 Pillar 1 and Digital Services Taxes: A Comparison April 1, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47988 SUMMARY The OECD/G20 Pillar 1 and Digital Services Taxes: A Comparison R47988 April 1, 2024 Jane G. Gravelle Senior Specialist in If Congress chooses not to adopt Pillar 1 of the OECD/G20 proposal to allocate some Economic Policy taxing rights to market ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11139 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 25 March 31, 2024) April 1, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF10767 |
Title
Updated April 1, 2024 Farm Credit Administration and Its Board Members Overview Congress oversees the Farm Credit Administration (FCA), which is the federal financial regulator responsible for ensuring the safety and soundness of Farm Credit System (FCS) institutions and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac). FCA is directed by a threemember board of directors nominated by the ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12621 |
Title
April 1, 2024 Congressional Commission on the U.S. Strategic Posture Congress plays an important role in U.S. nuclear weapons policy through funding and oversight of U.S. strategic military capabilities and related programs carried out by the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The Senate also considers providing advice and ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12622 |
Title
April 1, 2024 Defense Primer: The United States Air Force An executive order signed by then-President Harry S. Truman in 1947 established the U.S. Air Force as a separate service to be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations ... necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned. The National Security Act ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IF12372 |
Title
Updated April 1, 2024 Peru: Country Overview and U.S. Relations Peru is a geographically and ethnically diverse country encompassing portions of the Amazon Basin, the Andean highlands, and the Pacific coast of South America (Figure 1). Since the early 2000s, Peru has sustained its democratic institutions and outpaced its neighbors in terms of economic growth while reducing poverty and improving ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN12341 |
Title
INSIGHTi Hong Kong Adopts New National Security Ordinance: Article 23 April 1, 2024 On March 23, 2024, the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) promulgated an ordinance with the stated purpose of strengthening the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The Safeguarding National Security Ordinance builds upon the People s ...
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| Date April 1, 2024 |
Report No. IN10835 |
Title
INSIGHTi What Happens If the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Lapses? Updated April 1, 2024 This Insight provides a short overview of what would happen if the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) were not to be reauthorized by September 30, 2024, and allowed to lapse. Expiration of Certain NFIP Authorities The NFIP is authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Title XIII of ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47688 |
Title
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 State of Play Updated March 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47688 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 State of Play Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Quick ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47986 |
Title
Freedom of Speech: An Overview March 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47986 SUMMARY Freedom of Speech: An Overview The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of speech, but that protection is not absolute. The Free Speech Clause principally constrains government regulation of private speech. Speech restrictions imposed by private ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. R47724 |
Title
Emergency Relief Program for DisasterDamaged Highways and Bridges Updated March 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47724 SUMMARY Emergency Relief Program for DisasterDamaged Highways and Bridges The March 26, 2024, collapse of Baltimore s Francis Scott Key Bridge called attention to federal transportation programs that provide emergency relief (ER) in the wake ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF10988 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has two main policy goals: (1) to provide access to primary flood insurance, thereby allowing for the transfer of some of the financial risk of property owners to ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45345 |
Title
Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions: A Legislative History Updated March 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45345 SUMMARY Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions: A Legislative History R45345 March 29, 2024 Michael E. DeVine Analyst in Intelligence and Intelligence community (IC) whistleblowers are employees or contractors of the federal ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF11964 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 Defense Primer: Defense and Intelligence Unfunded Priorities Introduction By law, certain U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) officials and other executive branch agency officials are required to submit reports to Congress describing defense and intelligence-related priorities that were not included in the President s annual budget request. These reports, known as unfunded ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12463 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 PEPFAR Extension Act of 2018: Extended Authorities Since the 108th Congress (2003-2004) enacted legislation to authorize multiyear funding for international HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria programs, including the President s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), successive Congresses have debated extending some of those authorities. While most PEPFAR-related ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12619 |
Title
Updated March 29, 2024 Baltimore Bridge Collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) At about 1:30 a.m. on March 26, 2024, the MV Dali, a container ship departing the Port of Baltimore, struck a support tower of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, MD, causing the bridge to collapse into the Patapsco River. The bridge is a segment of Interstate 695 Baltimore s beltway and spans over the ...
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| Date March 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN10450 |
Title
Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated March 29, 2024 The National Flood Insurance Program The NFIP was first authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was reauthorized until the end of FY2017 by the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW-12; Title II of P.L. 112-141). After 30 short-term ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. R47985 |
Title
The 2024 Army Force Structure Transformation Initiative March 28, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47985 SUMMARY The 2024 Army Force Structure Transformation Initiative Since the U.S. Army s inception in 1775, it has reorganized or transformed its force structure on several occasions. These changes have occurred for a variety of reasons, such as shifting ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. RL32109 |
Title
Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Updated March 28, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class destroyer program is one of the longest-running shipbuilding programs in Navy history. The Navy began ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12607 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 Capital One Discover Proposed Merger: Systemic Risk and Market Competition Considerations In February 2024, Capital One announced a merger deal with Discover. This In Focus explores the policy issues raised by the potential merger that may be of interest to Congress, with particular attention to the competition and systemic impacts on the banking system. Capital One is the ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11284 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 U.S.-China Trade Relations The People s Republic of China (PRC or China) is the second-largest global economy and has been a top U.S. and global trading partner since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001. China is a key export market for U.S. aircraft, agriculture, semiconductor equipment/chips, gas turbines, and medical devices, and a key source of some U.S. ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IN12340 |
Title
INSIGHTi The FY2025 Budget in Historical Context March 28, 2024 The Biden Administration submitted its budget for FY2025 on March 11, 2024. The budget calls for increased federal revenues, continued growth in mandatory outlays, and decreased discretionary outlays relative to the size of the economy. This Insight discusses these fiscal proposals in the context of longerterm budgetary trends and ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11138 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The 2023 Merger Guidelines: Analysis and Issues for Congress March 28, 2024 In December 2023, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalized the 2023 Merger Guidelines (the Guidelines), which outline the agencies analytical approach to merger review. The Guidelines represent a major departure from the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines and the 2020 ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF10293 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 Foreign Relations Reauthorization: Background and Issues Introduction The Constitution gives Congress the power to provide funding, authorize programs, and conduct oversight with respect to the implementation of foreign policy. In exercising these powers, Congress has enacted several laws requiring foreign affairs appropriations to be authorized prior to expenditure. These ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11072 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 The First Amendment: Categories of Speech The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from abridging the freedom of speech but does not define what that freedom entails. The Supreme Court has long interpreted the Clause to greatly circumscribe government regulation of protected speech (including some forms of expressive conduct) while giving the ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF12495 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 The Army s M-1E3 Abrams Tank Modernization Program Background The M-1 Abrams Tank (Figure 1) is designed to maneuver under fire and destroy enemy armored forces on the battlefield by means of mobility, survivability, and firepower. The M-1 is named for General Creighton Abrams, a noted World War II armored battalion commander who later served as Army Chief of Staff from 1972 ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11131 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 1: Introduction March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the first in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the prompt, ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11132 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 2: Federal Convention Debates March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the second in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11133 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 3: History of Presidential Succession March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the third in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11134 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 4: Early Congressional Action March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the fourth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11135 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 5: Congressional Debates March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the fifth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11136 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 6: Final Approval and Implementation March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the sixth in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11137 |
Title
Legal Sidebari The Twenty-Fifth Amendment and Presidential Inability, Part 7: Issues for Congress March 28, 2024 This Legal Sidebar post is the last in a seven-part series that discusses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. In an effort to ensure that the United States will always possess a functioning President and Vice President, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment seeks to promote the prompt, ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF10359 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 Pakistan s Domestic Political Setting Overview Historically, constitutionalism and parliamentary democracy have fared poorly in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, marked by power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Congress has taken an interest in efforts to strengthen civilian rule, address corruption, and improve governance in the nuclear-armed ...
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| Date March 28, 2024 |
Report No. IF11665 |
Title
Updated March 28, 2024 President Reagan s Six Assurances to Taiwan Introduction Under the U.S. one-China policy, the U.S. government has, since 1979, maintained official relations with the People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and unofficial relations with self-governed Taiwan, over which the PRC claims sovereignty. Like the Trump Administration before it, the Biden Administration refers to ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. RL34391 |
Title
Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated March 27, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL34391 Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program Summary Required number of polar icebreakers. A 2023 Coast Guard fleet mix analysis concluded that the service will require a total of eight to nine ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12358 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2024 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2024 Appropriations Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), provides scientific information to support the management of water, energy, mineral, ecosystem, and land resources and to mitigate risks from natural hazards. The USGS also collects long-term data to understand and ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12575 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2024 U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council: Background and Issues The U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) is a high-level forum between the United States and European Union (EU) that aims to enhance cooperation on global technology, economic, and trade issues; promote shared prosperity and competitiveness; and support democratic, market-oriented values. The partners cast ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF12620 |
Title
March 27, 2024 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2025 Appropriations Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), provides scientific information to support the management of water, energy, mineral, ecosystem, and land resources and to mitigate risks from natural hazards. The USGS also collects long-term data to understand and report on ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IF10199 |
Title
Updated March 27, 2024 U.S.-Japan Relations Overview Japan, a U.S. treaty ally since 1951, is an important U.S. partner in several foreign policy areas, particularly security and trade. Shared security goals include meeting the challenge of an increasingly assertive People s Republic of China (PRC or China) and countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.-Japan mutual defense treaty grants the ...
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| Date March 27, 2024 |
Report No. IN11897 |
Title
INSIGHTi Russia s War Against Ukraine: European Union Responses and U.S.-EU Relations Updated March 27, 2024 The 27-member European Union (EU) has implemented various policy responses to Russia s war against Ukraine. EU actions and coordination with the United States are of interest to Congress given the EU s role as an important U.S. partner. (Also see CRS In Focus IF12277, Russia s War on ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. R47984 |
Title
The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Overview and Considerations for Congress March 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47984 SUMMARY The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Overview and Considerations for Congress Federal advisory committees are created by Congress, Presidents, and executive branch agencies to gain expertise and policy advice from ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. R43546 |
Title
Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated March 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43546 Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program Summary The Navy procured its first John Lewis (TAO-205) class oiler in FY2016, and a total of 10 have been procured through FY2024. The first six were ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF11876 |
Title
Updated March 26, 2024 The Army s Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) Program Background The RCV is being developed as part of the Army s Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) family of vehicles. As originally planned, the Army intended to develop three RCV variants: Light, Medium, and Heavy. The Army reportedly envisioned employing RCVs as scouts and escorts for manned fighting vehicles to deter ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF12397 |
Title
Updated March 26, 2024 U.S. Army s Maneuver Short-Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD) System Background Figure 1. M-SHORAD Increment I The Army is developing a new maneuver short-range air defense system, or M-SHORAD to perform short-range air defense, or SHORAD. The Army defines the SHORAD mission as [d]edicated air defense artillery (ADA) and nondedicated air defense capabilities that enable movement ...
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| Date March 26, 2024 |
Report No. IN12339 |
Title
INSIGHTi Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged with Firearms or Explosives Offenses (2001-2023) March 26, 2024 This Insight provides an overview and analysis of federal criminal defendants charged with offenses related to firearms or explosives in U.S. district courts. Specifically, this Insight provides information related to (1) the percentage of ...
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