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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R41129 |
Title
Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41129 Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program Summary The Navy s Columbia (SSBN-826) class ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) program is a program to design and build a class of 12 ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R41909 |
Title
Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41909 Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R45030 |
Title
Federal Role in Voter Registration: The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) and Subsequent Developments Updated April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45030 SUMMARY Federal Role in Voter Registration: The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) and Subsequent Developments R45030 April 29, 2024 Sarah J. Eckman Analyst in American National ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF10275 |
Title
Updated April 29, 2024 Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations Introduction Taiwan, which also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is a self-governing democracy of 23.5 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. The United States terminated diplomatic relations with the ROC on January 1, 1979, in order to establish diplomatic relations with the People s Republic of ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. R48053 |
Title
Federal Data Management: Issues and Challenges in the Use of Data Standards April 29, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48053 SUMMARY Federal Data Management: Issues and Challenges in the Use of Data Standards R48053 April 29, 2024 Natalie R. Ortiz Analyst in Government The federal government manages a significant amount of data. Congress expects federal agencies ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12646 |
Title
April 29, 2024 Taiwan s Position in the World Introduction Taiwan, the self-governing Asian democracy that also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), has struggled to maintain international space for itself in the world. The People s Republic of China (PRC), with its capital in Beijing, has never controlled Taiwan, but claims sovereignty over it and has vowed to unify with it, by force if ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12107 |
Title
INSIGHTi Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary Updated April 29, 2024 To date, Congress has appropriated $174.2 billion in emergency supplemental funding in response to Russia s 2022 renewed invasion of Ukraine. Of this amount, $110.7 billion (64%) was provided for the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and certain other defense-related activities. The Biden ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF11331 |
Title
Updated April 29, 2024 The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Program Emissions from diesel engines especially particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, and air toxics have been shown to contribute to air pollution that adversely impacts public health and welfare in the United States. Since 1970, the Clean Air Act (CAA; 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) has required the federal ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12421 |
Title
Updated April 29, 2024 The U.S. Army s Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) System Background IFPC Increment 2 Protecting high-value military sites against enemy cruise missile (CM), unmanned aerial system (UAS), and rocket, artillery, and mortar (RAM) attacks has long been an important consideration in protecting military forces. The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict between Armenia and ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IF12647 |
Title
April 29, 2024 Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2025 Overview of the IRS Budget Inflation Reduction Act The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is responsible for (1) collecting most of the revenue to fund federal government agencies and programs, and (2) enforcing taxpayer compliance with federal tax laws through activities like taxpayer assistance and audits. In FY2023, the agency processed ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. IN12351 |
Title
INSIGHTi Senate Committee-Passed FAA Bill Revived Debate over Reagan National Airport Slot and Perimeter Rules April 29, 2024 On February 29, 2024, seven months after the House of Representatives passed Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization legislation H.R. 3935, the Senate version of the bill (S. 1939) was reported by the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and ...
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| Date April 29, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11157 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Assessing Recent U.S. Airstrikes in the Middle East Under the War Powers Framework April 29, 2024 Airstrikes by U.S. forces in the Middle East have markedly increased since the outbreak of the current Israel-Hamas conflict on October 7, 2023. To date, the targets have been Iranian-supported militant groups in Iraq and Syria and in Yemen and the Red Sea. The strikes have prompted ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R48052 |
Title
U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48052 SUMMARY U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions Sanctions are a central element of U.S. policy to deter, alter, and counter malign Russian activities. The United States maintains sanctions on Russia in part to reverse Russian ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44750 |
Title
FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44750 FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 User Fees and the FDA Budget ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R47275 |
Title
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R47275 SFOPS Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief Introduction In 2022, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress four emergency supplemental funding requests to address the crisis caused by ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. R44623 |
Title
Commemorative Coins: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress Updated April 26, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44623 SUMMARY Commemorative Coins: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress R44623 April 26, 2024 Jacob R. Straus Specialist on the Congress Commemorative coins are produced by the U.S. Mint pursuant to an act of ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF10262 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Commemorative Coins: An Overview Commemorative coins are produced by the U.S. Mint pursuant to an act of Congress. These coins celebrate and honor American people, places, events, and institutions. Although they are considered legal tender, they are not minted for general circulation. Instead, they are designed to be collected and to help designated groups raise money. Table ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF11696 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Aviation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change Some Members of Congress have expressed interest in addressing air pollution emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the climate change effects from domestic and international aviation. Recent legislative proposals would provide for sustainable fuel mandates, incentives for airport efficiency improvements, and GHG emission ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF12006 |
Title
Updated April 26, 2024 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Status of Oil and Gas Program The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge) comprises 19 million acres in northeast Alaska, administered primarily by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Department of the Interior. ANWR s Coastal Plain a 1.57-million-acre area in the northern part of the Refuge (Figure 1) is viewed as an ...
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| Date April 26, 2024 |
Report No. IF12247 |
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Updated April 26, 2024 Nicaragua Nicaragua, a Central American country bordering Honduras and Costa Rica, is experiencing significant political repression under the authoritarian rule of President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo. The erosion of democracy under the Ortega-Murillo government has strained relations with the United States and raised congressional concerns. ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R41909 |
Title
Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41909 Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R46979 |
Title
Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes Updated April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46979 Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. 98-684 |
Title
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections Updated April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 98-684 Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections his report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables, organized by region, that include the date ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12238 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 Military Construction Appropriations: A Summary Updated April 25, 2024 On March 9, 2023, the Biden Administration submitted the FY2024 President s Budget Request (PBR) seeking $16.675 billion for U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) military construction (MILCON) and family housing programs. The request was $2.325 billion (12%) less than the $19.000 billion provided for such programs ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IN12274 |
Title
INSIGHTi FY2024 National Security Supplemental Funding: Defense Appropriations Updated April 25, 2024 Background On October 20, 2023, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress a request for FY2024 emergency supplemental appropriations to address key national security priorities. President Biden characterized the request as a response to Hamas terrorist attacks against Israel and the ongoing ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R48050 |
Title
Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48050 SUMMARY Regulation of Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety: Overview and Issues for Congress Commercial human spaceflight is a nascent but growing industry, which is reflected in how the safety of the industry is regulated. ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. R48051 |
Title
Contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Fact Sheet April 25, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48051 Contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Fact Sheet Contents Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Contributions to IRAs ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10575 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 Global Human Rights: Security Forces Vetting ( Leahy Laws ) Introduction The Leahy Laws prohibit U.S. assistance to foreign security force units when there is credible information that the unit has committed a gross violation of human rights (GVHR). Pursuant to the laws, before providing assistance, the U.S. government vets potential recipients for information about GVHR ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10795 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 Global Human Rights: The Department of State s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Introduction The State Department s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are an annual U.S. government account of human rights conditions in countries around the globe. The reports characterize countries on the basis of their adherence to internationally recognized human rights, ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12644 |
Title
April 25, 2024 Patent Listing in FDA s Orange Book For over 40 years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has maintained a resource formally titled Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations. This frequently updated publication now available as a searchable online database is more commonly called the Orange Book after the color of the print version s cover. patents ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12645 |
Title
April 25, 2024 The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System Background Figure 1.THAAD Fire Unit According to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system (Figure 1) is a key element of U.S. ballistic missile defense (BMD). THAAD employs interceptor missiles, using hitto-kill technology, to destroy threat missiles. Reportedly, THAAD is capable of ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11156 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Department of Labor s New Independent Contractor Rule April 25, 2024 On January 10, 2024, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a rule that identifies criteria for how it classifies whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor for purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the federal law that establishes minimum wage and overtime compensation standards for most ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10691 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) program is a Department of Justice (DOJ) formula grant program. The JAG program allocates funds to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, America Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands (collectively referred to as ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF10922 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program Background Under the initial authorization for the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program (Title I of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, P.L. 103-322, the 1994 Crime Act ), grants could be awarded for (1) hiring new police officers or rehiring police officers who have been laid off to ...
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| Date April 25, 2024 |
Report No. IF12640 |
Title
Updated April 25, 2024 TikTok and China s Digital Platforms: Issues for Congress Congress and U.S. policymakers at the federal and state levels have taken steps to address their national securityrelated concerns about the People s Republic of China s (PRC or China) influence over PRC-tied digital platforms operating in the United States. Most U.S. actions to date have focused on TikTok, owned by ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. R43543 |
Title
Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43543 Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs Summary The Navy is procuring two types of larger amphibious ships: LHA-type big deck amphibious assault ships and LPD-17 Flight II class amphibious ships. Both ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. R45342 |
Title
Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation Updated April 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45342 SUMMARY Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation The Central Valley Project (CVP), a federal water project owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), is one of the world s largest water supply projects. The CVP covers ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. R46374 |
Title
Navy Medium Landing Ship (LSM) (Previously Light Amphibious Warship [LAW]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated April 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46374 SUMMARY Navy Medium Landing Ship (LSM) (Previously Light Amphibious Warship [LAW]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress R46374 April 24, 2024 Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. R48049 |
Title
Information Technology Spending in the President s Budget Submission for FY2025: In Brief April 24, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48049 Information Technology Spending in the President s Budget Submission for FY2025 Contents Introduction ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF10221 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2024 Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines (PR&G) for Federal Investments in Water Resources The Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines (PR&G) for federal water resource investments largely replaced the Principles and Guidelines (P&G) for federal water project evaluations on June 15, 2015, following years in development (see Table 1). The PR&G direct how federal agencies ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF10715 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2024 Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions Policy Since 2005, the United States has imposed targeted sanctions on Venezuelan individuals and entities that have engaged in criminal, antidemocratic, or corrupt actions. In response to increasing human rights abuses and corruption by the government of Nicol s Maduro, in power since 2013, the Trump Administration expanded U.S. ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IF12198 |
Title
Updated April 24, 2024 India: Human Rights Assessments Overview India is a multiparty, federal, parliamentary democracy. As reported by the State Department s 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices (Human Rights Reports or HRRs), India is the site of numerous human rights abuses, many of them serious, some seen to be perpetrated by state and federal governments or their agents. According ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IG10051 |
Title
United States Oil April 24, 2024 Author Information Phillip Brown Specialist in Energy Policy Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IN12330 |
Title
INSIGHTi The Change Healthcare Cyberattack and Response Considerations for Policymakers Updated April 24, 2024 On February 21, 2024, UnitedHealth Group Incorporated disclosed that one of its companies units Change Healthcare was experiencing a cyberattack. The BlackCat/ALPHV ransomware group a Russia-linked cybercrime organization claimed responsibility. Repercussions from this cyberattack are ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. IN12348 |
Title
INSIGHTi Ecuador s April 2024 Plebiscite on Security Measures: Implications for Congress Updated April 24, 2024 On April 21, 2024, Ecuador held a plebiscite on 11 proposed reforms that seek to address the country s ongoing security crisis. According to preliminary results released by Ecuador s electoral body, voters voted in favor of 9 of the 11 questions, approving all of the reforms aimed at ...
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| Date April 24, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11155 |
Title
Legal Sidebar The Baltimore Bridge Collapse and the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 April 24, 2024 On March 26, 2024, the Dali a 985-foot container ship struck a support structure of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, causing the bridge to collapse. As of the time of writing, four people are confirmed to have died in the collapse; two remain missing and are presumed dead. Although the ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48046 |
Title
USDA Rural Utilities Service s Support for Tribes and Other Indigenous Entities April 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48046 SUMMARY USDA Rural Utilities Service s Support for Tribes and Other Indigenous Entities The Rural Utilities Service (RUS) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) Rural Development (RD) mission area administers a range of ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. R48045 |
Title
The Department of Labor s Proposed Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts April 23, 2024 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R48045 SUMMARY The Department of Labor s Proposed Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts R48045 April 23, 2024 John J. Topoleski Specialist ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. IN10979 |
Title
INSIGHTi Year-Round Sale of E15 Updated April 23, 2024 E15 a fuel blend of up to 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline generally cannot be sold during the summer driving season (June 1 September 15) because it does not meet the gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) requirements, which limit fuel volatility under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The statute, however, allows the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( ...
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| Date April 23, 2024 |
Report No. LSB11153 |
Title
Legal Sidebari Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 15 April 21, 2024) April 23, 2024 The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to federal lawmakers, focusing on orders and decisions of the Supreme ...
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